This is a men's hairstyle of the era. The sakayaki refers to the shaved part of the head from the forehead to the very top of the scalp, the part of the hair tied up on top is called a mage (top-knot). Every day as part of a personal grooming routine the sakayaki is shaved clean and the mage retied. There are various types of mage and the fashions changed according to the era. A typical style was the "ichou" mage (named after the ginko leaf the top-knot is supposed to resemble). Nowadays, the mage hairstyle is worn by professional sumo wrestlers. The ichou-style mage is reserved for the highest ranking wrestlers only.
