"Teacher-student romance" is one of the story settings found in Japanese love-themed manga. This genre probably attracts a lot of fans, as it offers a good read including a love story with grim prospects from the outset, plus plenty of psychological characterisation/descriptions as characters deal with various aspects of a particular situational romance, tests, friends and rivals. As well as the usual set-up of a high school girl falling for a cool male teacher, you'll also find stories where the protagonist is a male student who harbours feeling for a female teacher. Ask fans of the genre why these stories are so popular and stock responses are, "it makes me feel pangs of excitement", "I like to imagine myself in the shoes of the main character" or "there's a an element of danger there".